• In the brain E can modulate the mitogen activated protein

  2020-10-08

  

  In the brain, E2 can modulate the mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinases (MAPK/ERK) pathway, which is involved in the formation of different memory types (Atkins et al., 1998, Blum et al., 1999, Schafe et al., 2000). When the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway is activated,

• Related with the studies by Zizza et al

  2020-10-06

  

  Related with the studies by Zizza et al. described above [66], work by Ward et al. [68] suggested that the C2 domain of cPLA2α, which binds to zwitterionic membranes with high affinity in a Ca2+-dependent manner, has a high membrane remodeling activity, producing dramatic changes in membrane curvatu

• Kinetic isotope effects KIEs inform on bond vibrational chan

  2020-10-06

  

  Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) inform on bond vibrational changes between the ground state (GS) and TS of a chemical reaction and remain one of the most powerful experimental techniques for interrogating TS structure. KIEs on enzyme reactions measured by the internal chk1 inhibitor of labeled subst

• Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in many

  2020-10-06

  

  Proinflammatory cytokines induce ER stress in many mammalian cell systems.32, 33, 34 Our results demonstrate that these cytokines also trigger ER stress in trophoblast JEG-3 cells. However, the severity of stress is likely low grade because only the PERK-EIF2A arm of the UPRER pathway was activated.

• Why are Tfh cell dynamics so fundamentally

  2020-10-06

  

  Why are Tfh cell dynamics so fundamentally different in naive and immune animals? Initially, GC auda must pass stringent affinity and specificity checkpoints to ensure only high-affinity non-self-reactive cells are selected. Therefore, restricting primary Tfh cells with the greatest helper capacity

• The expression of EBI has been found to be dysregulated

  2020-10-06

  

  The expression of EBI2 has been found to be dysregulated in several types of B cell malignancies and is thus reduced in e.g. diffuse large B-cell lymphomas [12] and chronic lymphocytic leukemia [13] and increased in post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) [14]. EBI2 is also highly

• From our array results Supplemental Fig S

  2020-10-02

  

  From our array results (Supplemental Fig. S2), we found that differential lncRNA profiling exhibited much greater disparity compared to differential gene profiling in CD28nullCD8+ T cells, indicating that differentially expressed lncRNA(s) would serve as ideal hallmarks. Moreover, we were fortunate

• The main advantage of exploiting paper sludges as sources

  2020-09-30

  

  The main advantage of exploiting paper sludges as sources of cellulose-derived energy and chemicals in comparison to other lignocellulose substrates is their amenability, which is associated with an extensive pulping process that removes the majority of the lignin and exposes FPS-ZM1 fibers to enzy

• Pyocyanin synthesis Within the X CX PX

  2020-09-30

  

  Within the X1CX3PX5RX7 motif of several prokaryotic FGE substrates, the residues of X3, X5, and X7 are variably found as mixtures of alanine, glycine, threonine, or serine residues [26], [27]. The docked model of our identified HCTPRRP motif revealed that position X1 (H1) and position X7 (P7) were n

• Ultrasound is an acoustic wave with

  2020-09-30

  

  Ultrasound is an acoustic wave with a frequency >20 kHz that needs a medium to propagate [20]. Accompanied by the spread of an ultrasonic wave, a series of alternating cycles of compression and rarefaction emerge in the liquid medium. During the rarefaction cycle, microbubbles are formed because of

• Potential break through technology poised to

  2020-09-30

  

  Potential break-through technology poised to overcome these above-mentioned limitations is that of the “substrate mediated enzyme prodrug therapy”, SMEPT (Fig. 1). Learning from the previously established enzyme prodrug therapies (EPT) and specifically the antibody-directed EPT (ADEPT) [12], develop

• Introduction Pain is frequently the first

  2020-09-30

  

  Introduction Pain is frequently the first clinical symptom of head and neck carcinoma. Indeed, pain is the initial reason leading ∼70% of cancer patients to seek professional assistance (Lam & Schmidt, 2011; Rettig & D’Souza, 2015; Schmidt, 2014). Clinically, cancer-induced facial pain can be evoke

• What are the molecular signals that guide Tfh cells

  2020-09-30

  

  What are the molecular signals that guide Tfh cells as they navigate around the lymph node in the course of the immune response? It was recently reported that Tfh cells inside GCs have high expression of SIPR2, which acts to repel them from the S1P-rich lymph in the SCS and promote their retention i

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments We thank

  2020-09-30

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments We thank R. Brink for providing HEL2x, M. Tanaka for CD169DTR mice, R. Lathe for making Cyp7b1+/− mice available, and M. Barnes and A. Reboldi for comments on the manuscript. T.Y. is an Irvington Institute Postdoctoral Fellow at the Cancer Research Insti

• Likewise the conserved cysteine in the E

  2020-09-30

  

  Likewise, the conserved cysteine in the E2 protein is the only residue shown to be essential for the transfer of Ub/Ubl from E2 to the HECT ligases (Dye and Schulman, 2007, Wu et al., 2003). However, all other terminal Ub/Ubl transfer reactions involving E2 enzymes suggest a critical role for the ta

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