• BCCA occlusion followed by reperfusion injury significantly

  2022-01-28

  

  BCCA occlusion, followed by reperfusion injury, significantly increased the brain AT1 and AT2 receptor expression in mice. Reports have demonstrated elevation of AT1 receptor expression in the cerebral Fmoc-His(Trt)-OH receptor during ischemia [34,35]. The gene expression of brain AT2 receptor is i

• Glutamate activates cationic glutamate gated

  2022-01-28

  

  Glutamate activates cationic glutamate-gated channels (i.e. ionotropic glutamate receptors) that mediate the fast excitatory actions of glutamate. It also activate G protein-coupled receptors, named metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) (Pin and Bettler, 2016). The eight subtypes of mGluRs are k

• Nicardipine HCl receptor Recent studies suggest that the bio

  2022-01-27

  

  Recent studies suggest that the biological importance of endogenous ghrelin becomes accentuated during exposure to more metabolically-constrained and stressful environments. Indeed, mice lacking either ghrelin or GHSR demonstrate impaired ability to adapt metabolically and/or behaviorally to calori

• br Conflict of interest statement br

  2022-01-27

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgements Introduction Galanin is a multi-functional neuropeptide that is widely distributed in the neuroendocrine system and peripheral tissues of various species. This 29-amino-acid peptide (30 in humans) is proteolytically processed from its precurso

• Lenvatinib is an orally available multi targeted

  2022-01-27

  

  Lenvatinib is an orally available, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor against VEGFR1–3, FGFR1–4, PDGFRα, RET, and KIT [11,12]. In a recent phase III trial for patients with previously untreated uHCC (REFLECT study), lenvatinib showed statistical non-inferiority of overall survival compared to

• br Introduction The period around birth

  2022-01-27

  

  Introduction The period around birth is a risky time for stroke in infants. Ischemic stroke has been diagnosed in about 1/4000 full-term infants (Nelson and Lynch, 2004) and perinatal stroke represents the second most frequent cause of acute seizures in this age group (Levy et al., 1985). Further

• br Effects of norepinephrine on HIV infection

  2022-01-27

  

  Effects of norepinephrine on HIV infection The few in vitro studies specifically examining the effects of norepinephrine on HIV infection suggest that this catecholamine can influence the HIV replication process, although the precise mechanism is unclear. Cole and colleagues found concentrations

• br Experimental procedures br Results Hdc KO mice show

  2022-01-27

  

  Experimental procedures Results Hdc-KO mice show basal activation of the MAPK and AKT/GSK3β pathways in the dorsal striatum (Rapanelli et al., 2014). These signaling pathways are differentially regulated by the H3 receptor in dMSNs and iMSNs in wild-type mice (Rapanelli et al., 2016). To bette

• Toc and Toc are GTPases that

  2022-01-27

  

  Toc34 and Toc159 are GTPases that regulate initial steps of preprotein import [3,4,26]. It was shown that GTP hydrolysis of at least one receptor is necessary to initiate the translocation process [23,27]. As reported for other small G-proteins, Toc34 and Toc159 bind their cargo in a nucleotide-depe

• In conclusion LA is able to enhance osteoblast differentiati

  2022-01-27

  

  In conclusion, LA is able to enhance osteoblast differentiation that mediated by PTH in a MCT-1 independent but GPR81 signaling dependent manner. This increase requires p38 activation and an Akt activation that depended on Gβγ-protein-PLC-PKC signaling. However, the ability of LA to increase PTH–med

• The GPR receptor is also emerging

  2022-01-27

  

  The GPR55 receptor is also emerging as an important therapeutic target. GPR55−/− mice possess no overt phenotype, but were protected in models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain (Staton et al., 2008). Staton et al. (2008) reported that no GPR55 mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in the animals. Also

• br Niacin has long been used for the

  2022-01-27

  

  Niacin () () has long been used for the treatment of lipid disorders and for the prevention of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death in the U.S., as a result of its ability to raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Recent mechanistic investigations have shown that niacin may exe

• The mechanisms of action of MMF and DMF

  2022-01-27

  

  The mechanisms of action of MMF and DMF are not well understood, but a growing body of evidence has demonstrated that DMF may act on both the neurodegenerative and inflammatory response of MS patients. The majority of the data related to the mechanism of action of DMF/MMF demonstrates the associatio

• br Conclusion Membrane transporters remain relatively unders

  2022-01-27

  

  Conclusion Membrane transporters remain relatively understudied in human disease, especially TBI (Cesar-Razquin et al., 2015), and considerably less is known in terms of expression, function and substrates of membrane transporters in pediatric patients. However, their importance in maintaining ci

• br Results and discussion br Conclusion In

  2022-01-27

  

  Results and discussion Conclusion In conclusion, our present results indicated that l-glutamate treatment could induce resistant to B. cinerea in postharvest tomatoes. The control effect was probably associated with up-regulating the glutamate receptor-like genes, PR genes and the accumulation

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