• GLP and glucose dependent insulinotropic

  2022-03-02

  

  GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are gut hormones secreted from intestinal L yellow and K cells, respectively. Together, these hormones account for the vast majority of the incretin effect, the enhanced postprandial insulin secretion observed in healthy adults (Dupre et al.,

• Most of the above mechanisms are implicated in attenuation o

  2022-03-02

  

  Most of the above mechanisms are implicated in attenuation of myocardial I/R injury. However, the role of GalR2 receptor activation in cardioprotection remains unclear because of the lack of receptor subtype selectivity of peptides G2 and G3. It has been shown that Ala5-galanin (2–11) (G4) has a hig

• Cys loop GABA receptors are well studied targets

  2022-03-02

  

  Cys-loop GABA receptors are well-studied targets for insecticides and also play an important role in nematode biology. These receptors are also targets for the anthelmintic piperizine (Accardi et al., 2012). The nematode GABA receptor most studied is the UNC-49 receptor which plays a role in muscle

• Recently some researchers working in China Pharmaceutical Un

  2022-03-02

  

  Recently, some researchers working in China Pharmaceutical University developed novel FFA1 agonists some of which were found to be efficacious in the management of type 2 diabetes and with low toxicity. For instance, Zheng et al. [48] in their in vivo study using experimental animals, reported that

• If the manager channel dominates we expect the increase

  2022-03-02

  

  If the manager channel dominates, we expect the increase in debt maturity of treated firms relative to control firms to be more evident in firms with weaker corporate governance where managers are less monitored and have more discretion in changing firm risks. We use the governance index (GINDEX) co

• There has been conflicting evidence

  2022-03-02

  

  There has been conflicting evidence on the possible receptor mechanisms that mediate the neuro-immuno-modulatory effects of FAAH substrates. Evidence from in vitro studies indicates that AEA-mediated modulation of TLR4-induced neuroinflammation may be mediated by CB1/CB2 receptor dependent (Correa e

• Interest in the non coding genome has recently surfaced with

  2022-03-02

  

  Interest in the non-coding genome has recently surfaced with accelerated emphasis in the past few years (Li et al., 2016). Transcription factors (TFs) bind to enhancers and mediate RNA initiation from distal transcriptional start sites (TSS) of genes. Epigenome sequencing of human and mouse during d

• HO acted as an intracellular defender against oxidative

  2022-03-02

  

  HO-1 acted as an intracellular defender against oxidative stress-induced cell damage. To elucidate the effects of HO-1 in ropivacaine-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells, HO-1 activity was inhibited using a specific HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin, ZnPP. Our results indicate that ZnPP treatmen

• Obestatin synthetized mainly in the

  2022-03-01

  

  Obestatin, synthetized mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, participates in the regulation of metabolic functioning at both central and peripheral levels (food intake, pancreatic activity or/and adipocytes proliferation) (Granata et al., 2008; Li et al., 2011). It is involved in the complex gut-bra

• Transcriptional translational modulators The discovery that

  2022-02-28

  

  Transcriptional/translational modulators. The discovery that β-lactam antibiotics like ceftriaxone enhance the in vivo expression of EAAT2/GLT-1 [31] has pioneered a completely new approach to EAAT modulation, with several additional EAAT activators following in its trail (Figure 2b) [32, 33, 34•, 3

• ICH induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of EAAT exp

  2022-02-28

  

  ICH-induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of EAAT1 expression analogous to the decreased glutamate uptake at 6 h. The combined reduction of excitatory amino a range of  transporters and of glutamate uptake activity might explain the well-known glutamate excitotoxicity following brain ischemia

• br Introduction Glucose is the

  2022-02-28

  

  Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in most organisms. Cancer chemicals i was reading this in particular require a steady source of energy to maintain growth and proliferation, and preferentially use glycolysis for their energy supply even under aerobic conditions. Glucose uptake in m

• These various observations indicate that GIP plays an import

  2022-02-28

  

  These various observations indicate that GIP plays an important role in the normal compensatory islet response to high fat feeding. This likely reflects the loss of the combined actions of intra-islet GIP together with intestinally-derived GIP entering the islet vasculature following secretion from

• Bile acids BAs are critical for facilitating the absorption

  2022-02-28

  

  Bile acids (BAs) are critical for facilitating the prostaglandin e2 australia of dietary lipids and lipid-soluble vitamins in the intestines [6], [7]. At physiological levels, BAs function as signaling molecules and activate specific nuclear receptors [farnesoid X receptor (FXR), pregnane X recepto

• The normal function of the FBPase enzyme is

  2022-02-28

  

  The normal function of the FBPase enzyme is to catalyze the hydrolysis of F1,6BP to F6P. This activity is induced by diabetes and starvation and is increased in diabetic rats. The level of FBPase can be normalized by insulin, however, similar information is not available from diabetic patients. FBPa

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