• Our results show that Exo has

  2018-11-08

  

  Our results show that Exo1 has a tissue-specific role in the maintenance of adult stem cell homeostasis: mice exhibited a significant defect in NSCs but not in HSCs. Exo1 deficiency resulted in a decrease in NSC proliferation, which was associated with increased expression of p21, whereas no signif

• br Material and methods br

  2018-11-08

  

  Material and methods Results Discussion The current study is the first report of the dynamic expression of ATF3 by ependymal spinal stem cells, as this protein was localized to the cytoplasm when such cells were quiescent, but was found in their nucleus when cells became activated. This pr

• In Raya et al found

  2018-11-08

  

  In 2009, Raya et al. found that somatic dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor from FA patients could only be reprogrammed after correction of the genetic defect, suggesting an important role for the FA pathway in establishing pluripotency (Raya et al., 2009). However, Tulpule et al. subsequently create

• Previous in vitro cell culture

  2018-11-08

  

  Previous in-vitro cell culture studies in microgravity have shown decreased osteoblast differentiation (Nabavi et al., 2011; Landis et al., 2000; Carmeliet et al., 1997), reduced osteoblast number (Hughes-Fulford and Lewis, 1996), and reduced osteoblast cell integrity (Nabavi et al., 2011). Furtherm

• All these claims led to the paradoxical

  2018-11-08

  

  All these claims led to the paradoxical situation whereby the heart, previously described as a non-renewing organ, has turned into the organ with the highest number of distinct types of resident stem/progenitor cells. However, aside from the Isl-1pos cardiac progenitor cells, which are direct progen

• C retrospective dating is a new technology to

  2018-11-08

  

  14C retrospective dating is a new technology to overcome limitations in measuring cardiomyocyte renewal in human hearts (Bergmann et al., 2009, 2012; Huttner et al., 2014; Spalding et al., 2013). This strategy is based on the incorporation of nuclear test bomb-derived 14C into genomic DNA; therefore

• Induction of EndMT results from integration of multiple extr

  2018-11-08

  

  Induction of EndMT results from integration of multiple extrinsic inputs within the dynamically shifting cellular environment of cardiogenesis. Owing to the membrane bound presentation of ligands, Notch signaling status is dependent on the organization and distribution of signal-presenting and signa

• Determining whether the specification of most or all

  2018-11-08

  

  Determining whether the specification of most, or all, cell lineages occurs within neoblasts is essential for understanding the cellular basis for planarian regeneration. Specifically, at what cellular step in regeneration is the identity of new imatinib mesylate specified? On the basis of prior res

• br Results br Discussion Human fetal dorsal skin from

  2018-11-08

  

  Results Discussion Human fetal dorsal skin, from which the fetal keratinocytes were cultured for this study, was analyzed histologically to correlate morphologic changes of the skin to biochemical changes in structural proteins during development. K18, which along with K8 is typical of simple

• Cip Kip proteins are expressed

  2018-11-08

  

  Cip/Kip proteins are expressed at higher levels in HSCs than in progenitor cells (Passegué et al., 2005). The role of p21Cip1 in HSCs is restricted to cell cycle regulation under stress conditions (van Os et al., 2007). p27Kip1 deficiency does not affect HSC numbers or HSC self-renewal, but alters t

• The in vitro conditions for RA induced FP induction

  2018-11-08

  

  The in vitro conditions for RA-induced FP induction required high concentrations of RA, pointing possibly to an epiphenomenon that jump starts a self-enhancing activator/inhibitor signaling system, leading to localized FP formation. Both the FoxA2 gene, a transcription factor required for SHH expre

• Although previous work showed that SOX is sufficient to

  2018-11-08

  

  Although previous work showed that SOX2 is sufficient to convert fibroblasts into NES+ multipotent NSCs under a unique culture condition (Ring et al., 2012), our genetic approach using Nes-CreER;Rosa-YFP mice failed to detect a stable NSC state during the in vivo reprogramming process. This differen

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br

  2018-11-08

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments M. Ieda was supported by research grants from JST CREST, JSPS, Keio University Program for the Advancement of Next Generation Research Projects, Banyu Life Science, Senshin Medical Research Foundation, and Takeda Science Foundatio

• The nuclear factor kappa B

  2018-11-08

  

  The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is known for its key role in the regulation of many cellular processes. The classical NF-κB is a heterodimer of p50 and p65/RelA proteins, in which the p65/RelA subunit has transactivation activity. The IκB kinase (IKK) complex mediates the degradation of IκBs to a

• As epigenetic regulatory mechanisms control DNA templated ac

  2018-11-07

  

  As epigenetic regulatory mechanisms control DNA-templated activities, including gene transcription, we hypothesized that evaluating the nature and dynamics of epigenetic changes at gene regulatory regions during hepatocyte commitment of hESCs and comparing differences between HLCs and PHHs might ide

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